Guide · Disasters and emergencies

Pandemics and outbreaks

When an infectious disease spreads widely, simple habits can protect you and the people around you. The aim is to avoid catching it, avoid passing it on, and keep your household going.

Get ready

Keep a couple of weeks of food, medicines and household supplies, but don't panic-buy. Shortages hurt everyone.
Have a thermometer, painkillers, fever reducers and oral rehydration sachets.
Keep up to date with vaccines.
Make a plan for childcare, work and looking after relatives if you or they fall ill.

Protect yourself and others

Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially before eating and after being out. Use hand sanitiser with at least 60% alcohol if you can't wash.
Cough or sneeze into a tissue or your elbow. Bin the tissue and wash your hands.
Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth.
Keep rooms well ventilated. Open windows when you can.
Keep your distance from people who are ill.
Wear a well-fitting mask in crowded indoor places if advised.
Clean things that get touched a lot, such as door handles, taps and phones.

Follow instructions from your local authorities and health services. Advice changes as they learn more about the disease.

If you get ill

Stay at home and away from others as much as you can.
If you share a home, use a separate room and bathroom if possible, and wear a mask around others.
Rest and drink plenty of fluids.
Ask a friend or neighbour to drop off food and medicines at the door.
Phone your doctor or health service for advice before going in person, so you don't spread infection in waiting rooms.

When to get urgent help

Call your local emergency number (112 in Europe and many other countries, 911 in North America) if someone has difficulty breathing, chest pain, blue lips or face, sudden confusion, or can't stay awake. Tell the call handler about the illness so they can prepare.

Looking after yourself

Long periods at home can be hard. Keep a routine, get daylight and some exercise, and stay in touch with friends and family by phone or video. Check on neighbours who live alone.

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